Question 1- Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) Adding salt to water lowers its freezing point.
Reason (R) Salt disrupts the formation of ice crystals in water.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below
A – (A) is true but (R) is false.
B – Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
C – Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
D – (A) is false but (R) is true.
E – Both (A) and (R) are false
Explanation
C – Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
At the freezing point of water, molecules enter and leave the crystal at the same rate. However when salt is added to water, this molecular movement is disrupted and hence the temperature has to be lowered to make the molecular movement ordered again, leading to depression in freezing point. Hence, Both Assertion and Reason are correct and reason clearly explains the Assertion
Question 2- In the question below, a statement is followed by two courses of action numbered I and II. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true and on the basis of the information given in the statement, decide which of the suggested courses of action logically follow(s) for pursuing. Statements: Majority of the students in many schools do not pass in the final examination
Courses of action:
I. These schools should be closed down as these have become unproductive
II. The teachers of these schools should immediately be retrenched.
A Neither I nor il follow
B Only II follows
C Only I follows
D Both I and II follow
E Either I nor II follow
Explanation
A (Neither I nor II follow)
I does not follow because, passing students is not the only criteria for a productive school.
II does not follow because reducing the spending on teachers does not solve the problem.
Question 3- Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Legumes revive the soil fertility.
Reason (R) Microbes in the root nodules of legumes fix the atmospheric nitrogen.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
A – (A) is true but (R) is false
B – Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
C – Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
D – (A) is false but (R) is true
E – Both (A) and (R) are false.
Explanation
C (Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A))
The root nodules of leguminous plants contain certain nitrogen fixing bacteria which absorb the atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into nitrogeneous compounds useful for the plants reviving soil fertility.
Question 4- Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Metal objects expand when heated.
Reason (R) Heating increases the kinetic energy of metal atoms.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below
A – (A) is true but (R) is false.
B – Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
C – Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
D – (A) is false but (R) is true.
E – Both (A) and (R) are false.
Explanation
C (Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).)
When metal is heated, the kinetic energy of particles increases and the metal expands.
Question 5- Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Pluto is the coldest planet.
Reason (R): It receives slanting rays of the sun.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below A – (A) is true but (R) is false.
B – Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
C – Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
D – (A) is false but (R) is true.
E – Both (A) and (R) are false.
Explanation
A (A is true but B is false) – provided answer
Pluto is not considered a planet.
Question 6- Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): In India, females have higher life expectancy than the males
Reason (R): Females receive a better diet
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
A – (A) is true but (R) is false
B – Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
C – Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
D – (A) is false but (R) is true.
E – Both (A) and (R) are false
Explanation
E (Both (A) and (R) are false) – Provided answer
Females have higher life expectancy than men.
Question -7 In the question below, a statement is followed by three courses of action numbered I, II and III. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true and on the basis of the information given in the statement, decide which of the suggested courses of action logically follow(s) for pursuing.
Statements: Poverty is increasing because the people, who are deciding how tackle it, know absolutely nothing about the poor.
Courses of action:
I. The decision makers should go to grass root levels.
II. The decision makers should come from poorer sections of the society
III. A new set of decision makers should replace the existing one.
A – Either I or III follows
B – Only II follows
C – Only I follows
D – Only III follow
E – All follow
Explanation
C (Only I follows)
The statement indirectly asserts that the decision makers can work effectively to eliminate poverty, only if they get to know the basic problems afflicting the poor people through interaction with them. So, only I follows.