Directions: In the questions given below, a statement has been given in bold. This is then expressed in three different ways. You are required to choose the one/s which is/are correct grammatically and contextually and expresses the same meaning as the original one in bold.
Question 1.
Water and food scarcities during drought periods not only accentuate household suffering, but can distort intra-household conflicts.
I. Drought periods lead to distortion of intra-house conflicts due to household suffering leading to water and food scarcities.
II. Accentuation of household suffering is caused by water and food scarcities and focuses on distorting intra-household conflicts.
III. Drought periods lead to water and food scarcities which accentuate household suffering as well as distort intra-household conflicts.
A.Only II
B.Only III
C.Only I and II
D.Only II and III
E. None of the above
Question 2.
Over the last 50 years, groundwater has emerged as the backbone of irrigated agriculture in India.
I. After 50 years, groundwater has emerged as the backbone of irrigated agriculture in India.
II. Groundwater has become the sole source of irrigated agriculture in India over a span of 50 years.
III. In the last 50 years, groundwater has survived as the backbone of irrigated agriculture in India.
A.Only I
B.Only III
C.Only I and II
D.Only II and III
E. All are incorrect
Question 3.
Water scarcity is expected to grow in the future, exacerbated by climatic changes in precipitation patterns and increase in temperatures.
I. Compounded by climatic changes in terms of rainfall patterns and increase in temperatures, water scarcity is expected to grow in the future.
II. Climate changes like precipitation patterns and temperature increase are expected to grown in the future and would result in more water scarcity.
III. It would be an exaggeration to state that water scarcity, due to climatic changes in precipitation patterns and increase in temperatures, is expected to grow in the future
A.Only I
B.Only III
C.Only I and II
D.Only I and II
E. Only II and III
Question 4.
India has come a long way from the small, meaningless and ineffectual pictorial warnings that were first used on tobacco products in May 2009.
I. India uses small, meaningless and ineffectual pictorial warnings that were introduces in May 2009 and uses tobacco products to do so.
II. India has progressed considerably since the time in May 2009, when it first used small, meaningless and ineffectual pictorial warnings on tobacco products.
III. In May 2009, when India introduced pictorial warnings on tobacco products, they were considered small, meaningless and ineffectual but it has shown significant improvement since then.
A.Only III
B.Only I and II
C.Only I and III
D.Only II and III
E. All of the above
Question 5.
The development of groundwater in the region has been credited with increased farm profits, reduction of rural poverty, and equitable access to water.
I. The development of groundwater in the region has been because of increased farm profits, reduction of rural poverty, and equitable access to water.
II. Groundwater development in the region has led to an increase in farm profits, reduction in rural poverty, and equitable access to water.
III. Groundwater development in the region was in terms of increased farm profits, reduction of rural poverty, and equitable access to water.
A.Only III
B.Only I and II
C.Only II
D.Only I and III
E. Only II and III
Explanations
Question 1.
Correct Option: B
As per the original statement, Water and food scarcities that occur during times of drought increase household suffering along with distorting intra-household conflicts.
I. states that droughts lead to conflicts because of household suffering and lead to scarcities. This is absurd and changes the meaning of the statement.
II. states that the increase in household suffering focuses on distorting intra-household conflicts. This again changes the meaning of the statement and is incorrect.
III. is correct contextually and grammatically.
Hence, option B is correct.
Question 2.
Correct Option: E
The original statement conveys that over a time period of 50 years, groundwater has become the backbone / mainstay / corner-stone of irrigated agriculture in India.
I is incorrect as it states after 50 years which makes it seem as if it happened all of a sudden after 50 years while the process has been gradual over the years.
II is incorrect as it uses the words sole source which changes the meaning.
III is incorrect as it uses the word survived and does not convey the same meaning.
Hence, option E is correct.
Question 3.
Correct Option: A
The original sentence conveys that worsening of climatic changes like rainfall and temperature would lead to more water scarcity in the future.
I is correct.
II is incorrect as it uses the past participle form of grown instead of grow.
III is incorrect as exaggeration refers to enhancing something/making it sound better or worse than it actually is. The original statement does not mention this and hence, this is incorrect.
Hence, option A is correct.
Question 4.
Correct Option: D
The original statement wants to convey that India has shown a lot of improvement since May 2009 when it first introduced pictorial warnings on tobacco products which were small, meaningless and ineffectual.
I is absurd in terms of grammar and context.
Both II and III are correct.
Hence, option D is correct.
Question 5.
Correct Option: C
The original statement conveys that positives like increased farm profits, reduction of rural poverty, and equitable access to water can be attributed to groundwater development in the region.
I reverses the cause and effect relationship and is clearly incorrect.
III is incorrect as it seems to state that Groundwater development is the same as increased farm profits, reduction of rural poverty, and equitable access to water. This is clearly absurd.
II is correct contextually and grammatically.
Hence, option C is correct.
