CRITICAL REASONING
A Critical Reasoning (CR) argument is usually structured into facts (also sometimes referred to as premises) and a conclusion. It is important that you are able to identify the parts of an argument.. Your job is never to question the facts of the argument. You can question the gap between the facts and the conclusion. This gap can be called an assumption the writer makes in his/her argument. In other words, what did the writer have to believe to be true in order to reach the conclusion, as based on the premise(s)? There are many CR questions that require you to identify an assumption. It can get complex, but here are some tips to simplify matters.
1. Simplify language.
You know from your work on SC that the shortest, simplest answer is often the best answer. It is as if the test makers take these rules they have established in SC and throw them out the window when they write CR and RC problems. They write their sentences in the most confusing way possible. If you can simplify the language the test makers use, it can make your job easier.
2. Use your own words.
One way to simplify the language used in a question is to express it using your own words. This involves making very short notes to summarize each of the sentences in a CR passage. The purpose of this is to make the passage easier to understand. Your own words will be easier for you to understand than the difficult words chosen by someone who is trying to confuse you!
3. Understand what is being asked.
For example, let’s imagine a simple example in which the conclusion is that Rome is a pleasant city.
A common question would be: “Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the above conclusion?”
Option A) There are many great art galleries in Rome.
Option B) Venice has many great restaurants.
Sometimes people are confused as to whether they have to consider if the options are true or not. You don’t have to do this. You can assume all the options are true. You don’t have to ask yourself whether it is actually true that Venice has many great restaurants. It’s clear that Option A would be the right answer, because it's the only answer that actually applies to Rome. When the questions become more difficult, you can save time by remembering that it is not your job to consider whether the options are true or not when the question is worded this way.
Try these tips on this CR practice questions:
The cost of producing radios in Country Q is ten percent less than the cost of producing radios in Country Y. Even after transportation fees and tariff charges are added, it is still cheaper for a company to import radios from Country Q to Country Y than to produce radios in Country Y.
The statements above, if true, best support which of the following assertions?
- (A) Labor costs in Country Q are ten percent below those in Country Y.
- (B) Importing radios from Country Q to Country Y will eliminate ten percent of the manufacturing jobs in Country Y.
- (C) The tariff on a radio imported from Country Q to Country Y is less than ten percent of the cost of manufacturing the radio in Country Y.
- (D) The fee for transporting a radio from Country Q to Country Y is more than ten percent of the cost of manufacturing the radio in Country Q.
- (E) It takes ten percent less time to manufacture a radio in Country Q than it does in Country Y.
Answer: (C)
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